![]() Managers wanted to see results before they spent their limited funds on new technologies. But even in the mid-1980s, GIS technology involved significant capital investment. Tasks requiring days and months with paper and acetate overlays could be accomplished with this newly emerging geographic information technology within minutes. During this same era, computational capabilities wondrously improved. To fulfill these new requirements, land managers needed new tools. (and across the world) faced increasing requirements from legislation and stakeholder groups to examine and evaluate alternative actions. During the last decades of the 20th century, government land managers in the U.S. GRASS GIS software was developed in response to the need for improved analysis of landscape “trade offs” in managing government lands and the emerging potential of computer-based land analysis tools. ![]() To our friends and to all GRASS developers, present and past The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher (Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. c '008 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC. Helena Mitasova North Carolina State University Department of Marine, Earth and Atmospheric Sciences Raleigh NC 27695-8208, USA ĬEA, Centre for Alpine Ecology 38100 Viote del Monte Bondone Trento, Italy Markus Neteler FBK-irst, Istituto per la Ricerca Scientifica e Tecnologica Via Sommarive,18 38050 Trento, ITALY Helena Mitasova North Carolina State University, USA Markus Neteler FBK-irst & CEA, Trento, Italy OPEN SOURCE GIS A GRASS GIS Approach Third Edition ![]()
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